In principle, there is no reason why women with diabetes should not use the birth control pill. Statistically, the pill is among the most effective methods of contraception. However, it is also associated with the highest risk of side effects, particularly thrombosis (the formation of blood clots) and pulmonary embolism (blockage of the pulmonary arteries), especially in women who smoke.

Condoms are also a highly reliable method of contraception. In addition to preventing pregnancy, they provide protection against sexually transmitted infections such as hepatitis B and AIDS (HIV infection). This is particularly important during adolescence and young adulthood, when individuals may still be exploring relationships or have multiple partners.

For women with known diabetes who are planning a pregnancy, effective contraception is an important part of family planning. Contraception allows pregnancy to be postponed until blood glucose control and overall metabolic status are as close to optimal as possible at the time of conception. Good metabolic control before conception is an important prerequisite for reducing the risk of pregnancy-related complications associated with diabetes mellitus.